Biological diversity, also known as biodiversity, refers to the variety and variability of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or planet. It encompasses the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems present in a particular area. Biological diversity is a fundamental component of the Earth's natural systems and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of ecosystems. Research in biological diversity focuses on understanding the distribution, abundance, and interactions of different species, as well as how environmental factors influence these patterns. Scientists study the impacts of human activities, such as habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and invasive species, on biodiversity and work to develop conservation strategies to protect and preserve the diversity of life on Earth. Additionally, research in this field also explores the potential benefits of biodiversity, including its role in ecosystem resilience, productivity, and human wellbeing.